Lukas 21:5-24
Konteks21:5 Now 1 while some were speaking about the temple, how it was adorned 2 with beautiful stones and offerings, 3 Jesus 4 said, 21:6 “As for these things that you are gazing at, the days will come when not one stone will be left on another. 5 All will be torn down!” 6 21:7 So 7 they asked him, 8 “Teacher, when will these things 9 happen? And what will be the sign that 10 these things are about to take place?” 21:8 He 11 said, “Watch out 12 that you are not misled. For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ 13 and, ‘The time is near.’ Do not follow them! 21:9 And when you hear of wars and rebellions, 14 do not be afraid. 15 For these things must happen first, but the end will not come at once.” 16
21:10 Then he said to them, “Nation will rise up in arms 17 against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 21:11 There will be great earthquakes, and famines 18 and plagues in various places, and there will be terrifying sights 19 and great signs 20 from heaven. 21:12 But before all this, 21 they will seize 22 you and persecute you, handing you over to the synagogues 23 and prisons. You 24 will be brought before kings and governors because of my name. 21:13 This will be a time for you to serve as witnesses. 25 21:14 Therefore be resolved 26 not to rehearse 27 ahead of time how to make your defense. 21:15 For I will give you the words 28 along with the wisdom 29 that none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict. 21:16 You will be betrayed even by parents, 30 brothers, relatives, 31 and friends, and they will have some of you put to death. 21:17 You will be hated by everyone because of my name. 32 21:18 Yet 33 not a hair of your head will perish. 34 21:19 By your endurance 35 you will gain 36 your lives. 37
21:20 “But when you see Jerusalem 38 surrounded 39 by armies, then know that its 40 desolation 41 has come near. 21:21 Then those who are in Judea must flee 42 to the mountains. Those 43 who are inside the city must depart. Those 44 who are out in the country must not enter it, 21:22 because these are days of vengeance, 45 to fulfill 46 all that is written. 21:23 Woe to those who are pregnant and to those who are nursing their babies in those days! For there will be great distress 47 on the earth and wrath against this people. 21:24 They 48 will fall by the edge 49 of the sword and be led away as captives 50 among all nations. Jerusalem 51 will be trampled down by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled. 52
Lukas 23:27-31
Konteks23:27 A great number of the people followed him, among them women 53 who were mourning 54 and wailing for him. 23:28 But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, 55 do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves 56 and for your children. 23:29 For this is certain: 57 The days are coming when they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never bore children, and the breasts that never nursed!’ 58 23:30 Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 59 ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’ 60 23:31 For if such things are done 61 when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?” 62
[21:5] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
[21:5] 2 sn The Jerusalem temple was widely admired around the world. See Josephus, Ant. 15.11 (15.380-425); J. W. 5.5 (5.184-227) and Tacitus, History 5.8, who called it “immensely opulent.” Josephus compared it to a beautiful snowcapped mountain.
[21:5] 3 tn For the translation of ἀνάθημα (anaqhma) as “offering” see L&N 53.18.
[21:5] 4 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[21:6] 5 sn With the statement days will come when not one stone will be left on another Jesus predicted the total destruction of the temple, something that did occur in
[21:6] 6 tn Grk “the days will come when not one stone will be left on another that will not be thrown down.”
[21:7] 7 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ comments about the temple’s future destruction.
[21:7] 8 tn Grk “asked him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated.
[21:7] 9 sn Both references to these things are plural, so more than the temple’s destruction is in view. The question may presuppose that such a catastrophe signals the end.
[21:8] 11 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[21:8] 12 tn Or “Be on guard.”
[21:8] 13 tn That is, “I am the Messiah.”
[21:9] 14 tn Social and political chaos also precedes the end. This term refers to revolutions (L&N 39.34).
[21:9] 15 tn This is not the usual term for fear, but refers to a deep sense of terror and emotional distress (Luke 24:37; BDAG 895 s.v. πτοέω).
[21:9] 16 sn The end will not come at once. This remark about timing not only indicates that there will be events before the end, but that some time will also pass before it comes.
[21:10] 17 tn For the translation “rise up in arms” see L&N 55.2.
[21:11] 18 sn See Isa 5:13-14; 13:6-16; Hag 2:6-7; Zech 14:4.
[21:11] 19 tn This term, φόβητρον (fobhtron), occurs only here in the NT. It could refer to an object, event, or condition that causes fear, but in the context it is linked with great signs from heaven, so the translation “sights” was preferred.
[21:11] 20 sn See Jer 4:13-22; 14:12; 21:6-7.
[21:12] 21 sn But before all this. Another note of timing is present, this one especially important in understanding the sequence in the discourse. Before the things noted in vv. 8-11 are the events of vv. 12-19.
[21:12] 22 tn Grk “will lay their hands on you.”
[21:12] 23 sn Some of the persecution is of Jewish origin (the synagogues). Some fulfillment of this can be seen in Acts. See the note on synagogues in 4:15.
[21:12] 24 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[21:13] 25 tn Grk “This will turn out to you for [a] testimony.”
[21:14] 26 tn Grk “determine in your hearts.”
[21:14] 27 tn This term could refer to rehearsing a speech or a dance. On its syntax, see BDF §392.2.
[21:15] 28 tn Grk “a mouth.” It is a metonymy and refers to the reply the Lord will give to them.
[21:15] 29 tn Grk “and wisdom.”
[21:16] 30 sn To confess Christ might well mean rejection by one’s own family, even by parents.
[21:16] 31 tn Grk “and brothers and relatives,” but καί (kai) has not been translated twice here since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[21:17] 32 sn See Luke 6:22, 27; 1 Cor 1:25-31.
[21:18] 33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[21:18] 34 sn Given v. 16, the expression not a hair of your head will perish must be taken figuratively and refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.
[21:19] 35 sn By your endurance is a call to remain faithful, because trusting in Jesus is the means to life.
[21:19] 36 tc Some important Greek witnesses plus the majority of
[21:19] 37 tn Grk “your souls,” but ψυχή (yuch) is frequently used of one’s physical life. In light of v. 16 that does not seem to be the case here. The entire phrase could be taken as an idiom meaning “you will save yourselves” (L&N 21.20), or (as in v. 18) this could refer to living ultimately in the presence of God.
[21:20] 38 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[21:20] 39 sn See Luke 19:41-44. This passage refers to the events associated with the fall of Jerusalem, when the city is surrounded by armies.
[21:20] 40 tn Grk “her,” referring to the city of Jerusalem (the name “Jerusalem” in Greek is a feminine noun).
[21:20] 41 sn The phrase its desolation is a reference to the fall of the city, which is the only antecedent present in Luke’s account. The parallels to this in Matt 24:15 and Mark 13:14 refer to the temple’s desolation, though Matthew’s allusion is clearer. They focus on the parallel events of the end, not on the short term realization in
[21:21] 42 sn Fleeing to the mountains is a key OT image: Gen 19:17; Judg 6:2; Isa 15:5; Jer 16:16; Zech 14:5.
[21:21] 43 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[21:21] 44 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[21:22] 45 tn Or “of punishment.” This is a time of judgment.
[21:22] 46 tn The passive construction with the infinitive πλησθῆναι (plhsqhnai) has been translated as an active construction for simplicity, in keeping with contemporary English style.
[21:23] 47 sn Great distress means that this is a period of great judgment.
[21:24] 48 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[21:24] 49 tn Grk “by the mouth of the sword” (an idiom for the edge of a sword).
[21:24] 50 sn Here is the predicted judgment against the nation until the time of Gentile rule has passed: Its people will be led away as captives.
[21:24] 51 tn Grk “And Jerusalem.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[21:24] 52 sn Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled implies a time when Israel again has a central role in God’s plan.
[23:27] 53 sn The background of these women is disputed. Are they “official” mourners of Jesus’ death, appointed by custom to mourn death? If so, the mourning here would be more pro forma. However, the text seems to treat the mourning as sincere, so their tears and lamenting would have been genuine.
[23:27] 54 tn Or “who were beating their breasts,” implying a ritualized form of mourning employed in Jewish funerals. See the note on the term “women” earlier in this verse.
[23:28] 55 sn The title Daughters of Jerusalem portrays these women mourning as representatives of the nation.
[23:28] map For the location of Jerusalem see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[23:28] 56 sn Do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves. Judgment now comes on the nation (see Luke 19:41-44) for this judgment of Jesus. Ironically, they mourn the wrong person – they should be mourning for themselves.
[23:29] 57 tn Grk “For behold.”
[23:29] 58 tn Grk “Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that have not borne, and the breasts that have not nursed!”
[23:29] sn Normally barrenness is a sign of judgment, because birth would be seen as a sign of blessing. The reversal of imagery indicates that something was badly wrong.
[23:30] 59 sn The figure of crying out to the mountains ‘Fall on us!’ (appealing to creation itself to hide them from God’s wrath), means that a time will come when people will feel they are better off dead (Hos 10:8).
[23:30] 60 sn An allusion to Hos 10:8 (cf. Rev 6:16).
[23:31] 61 tn Grk “if they do such things.” The plural subject here is indefinite, so the active voice has been translated as a passive (see ExSyn 402).
[23:31] 62 sn The figure of the green wood and the dry has been variously understood. Most likely the picture compares the judgment on Jesus as the green (living) wood to the worse judgment that will surely come for the dry (dead) wood of the nation.
